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CREATE Global Reanalyses

The CREATE project contains nine global reanalyses (CFSR, ERA5, ERA-Interim, JRA-25, JRA-55, JRA-55-mdl-iso, MERRA, MERRA-2, 20CRv2c). Selected variables are standardized in the CMIP format and maintained. Five of the reanalyses are updated bi-monthly; MERRA and JRA-25 have ended and are superseded by the newer models MERRA-2 and JRA-55, respectively. 20CRv2c ended in 2010.

Atmospheric Monthly Data variables Ocean Monthly Data

Atmospheric 6-hourly Data variables Ocean, seaIce Monthly Variables

Atmospheric Levels Land, LandIce Monthly Variables

Atmospheric Daily variables

ERA-Interim (ERA-I)

ERA-Interim is a global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The data assimilation system used to produce ERA-Interim is based on a 2006 release of the IFS (Cy31r2). The system includes a 4-dimensional variational analysis (4D-Var) with a 12-hour analysis window. The spatial resolution of the data set is approximately 80 km (T255 spectral) on 60 vertical levels from the surface up to 0.1 hPa.

Source: ECMWF ERA-I

Time range: 1979-present

Resolution: 0.75° x 0.75°

Pressure levels: 37

Frequency: monthly average, 6-hr, daily

CERA-20C, ECMWF Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Reanalysis of the 20th Century (CERA-20C)

CERA-20C is the ECMWF 10-member ensemble of coupled climate reanalyses of the 20th century, 1901-2010. CERA-20C is a product of the ERA-CLIM2 project and is based on the CERA assimilation system, which assimilates only surface pressure and marine wind observations as well as ocean temperature and salinity profiles. For more information see the ERA-CLIM2 EU-FP7 project PDF, click here.

Source: ECMWF ERA-CLIM2

Time range:1901-2010

Resolution: 1.25° x 1.25°

Pressure levels: 37

Frequency: monthly average

ECMWF ERA5

European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ReAnalysis 5 (ERA5) is the fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate, and the first reanalysis produced as an operational service. ERA5 is based on a 2016 version of the Integrated Forecast System (IFS Cycle 41r2). ERA5 provides hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land and oceanic climate variables. The model output covers the Earth on a 30km grid and resolves the atmosphere using 137 levels from the surface to a height of 80km, and is converted by ECMWF to a regular lat/lon 0.25x0.25 grid and 37 pressure levels. ERA5 includes information about uncertainties for all variables at reduced spatial and temporal resolutions. The ERA5 dataset will eventually be available starting from 1950 and will replace the ERA-Interim reanalysis, which is ending in August 2019.

Source: ECMWF-ERA5

Time range:1979-Present

Resolution: 0.25° x 0.25°

Pressure levels: 37

Frequency: monthly average

Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25)

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) conducted the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) project to produce a climate dataset for the period from 1979 to 2004. The provision of these data was terminated in February 2014. JRA-25 is superceeded by JRA-55.

Note: The JRA-25 actual time range is 197901-201402; the timerange for the data in the CREATE archive is 197901-201312.

Source: JMA JRA-25

Time range: 1979-2013

Resolution: 1.25° x 1.25°

Pressure levels: 23

Frequency: monthly average

Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) and JRA-55 Model Resolution (JRA-55-mdl-iso)

The Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) carried out the second reanalysis project (known as the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, or JRA-55) using a more sophisticated DA system based on the operational system as of December 2009, and newly prepared dataset of past observations. The analysis period covers the 55 years from 1958, when regular radiosonde observation began on a global basis. Many of the deficiencies of JRA-25 are alleviated in JRA-55 because the DA system used for the project featured a variety of improvements introduced after JRA-25. As a result, the JRA-55 project produced a high-quality homogeneous climate dataset covering the last half century.

CREATE maintains JRA-55 on pressure levels at 1.25 resolution and JRA-55 on pressure levels at model resolution (0.5625).

Source: JMA JRA-55

Time range: 1958-present

Resolution: 1.25° x 1.25°

Pressure levels: 37, 27 hur, spfh

Frequency: monthly average, 6-hr, daily

Source: JMA JRA-model resolution

Time range: 1958-present

Resolution: 0.5625° x 0.5625°

Pressure levels: 37

Frequency: monthly means, daily

NASA Modern-era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)

The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) dataset was released in 2009. It is based on a version of the GEOS-5 atmospheric data assimilation system that was frozen in 2008. MERRA data span the period 1979 through February 2016 and were produced on a 0.5° × 0.66° grid with 72 layers. MERRA was used to drive stand-alone reanalyses of the land surface (MERRA-Land) and atmospheric aerosols (MERRAero). The MERRA reanalysis dataset production was completed on February 29, 2016. MERRA-2, which incorporates various advances is currently in production.

Source: NASA GMAO MERRA

Time range: 1979-201602

Resolution: 0.5° x 0.667°

1.25° x 1.25° (hur)

Pressure Levels: 42

Frequency: monthly average, 6-hr, daily

NASA Modern-era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)

The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) provides data beginning in 1980. It was introduced to replace the original MERRA dataset because of the advances made in the assimilation system that enable assimilation of modern hyperspectral radiance and microwave observations, along with GPS-Radio Occultation datasets. It also uses NASA ozone observations after 2005. Additional advances in both the GEOS-5 model and the GSI assimilation system are included in MERRA-2. Spatial resolution remains about the same (about 50 km in the latitudinal direction) as in MERRA.

MERRA2-ASM is an assimilation product of four 6-hourly 3D variables (specific humidity/hus, temperature/ta, u-component of wind/ua and v-component of wind/va) offered by the NASA GSFC Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). The data is formatted and offered here by the CREATE team for the ESGF archive.

Assimilated products are generated by forcing the GEOS model towards the analysis state (Incremental Analysis Update (IAU), as described in Bloom et al. (1996)) and output fields exhibit a greater degree of consistency among different fields than the analyzed products. Because of this internal consistency of the fields, the ASM product is recommended for studies using nudged online GCMs, offline CTMs, and trajectory models. For more information see the Supplementary Description of Differences between ANA and ASM Data Collections, click here.

Source: NASA GMAO MERRA-2

Time range: 1980-present

Resolution: 0.5° x 0.625°

Pressure levels: 42

Frequency: monthly average, 6-hr, daily. MERRA2-ASM: 6-hr

NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR and CFSv2)

CFSR is a reanalysis of the atmosphere, ocean, seaice and land over the 1979-2011 period, providing stable calibration and skill estimates for operational seasonal prediction at NCEP. The CFS version 2 is a fully coupled model representing the interaction between the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land and seaice and became operational at NCEP in March 2011.

Source: NOAA NCEP CFSR

Time range: 1979-present

Resolution: 0.5° x 0.5°

Pressure levels: 37

Frequency: monthly average, 6-hr, daily

20th Century Reanalysis version 2c (20CRv2c)

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) 20th Century Reanalysis (20CRv2c) dataset contains global weather conditions and uncertainty in six hour intervals from the year 1871 to 2012. Surface and sea level pressure observations are combined with a short-term forecast from an ensemble of 56 integrations of an NCEP numerical weather prediction model using the Ensemble Kalman Filter technique to produce an estimate of the complete state of the atmosphere, and the uncertainty in that estimate.

Source: NOAA CIRES 20CRv2c

Time range: 1871-2010

Resolution: 2.0° x 2.0°

Pressure levels: 24

Frequency: monthly average

Atmospheric Daily Variables

Long Name	Variable Name	MERRA	MERRA-2	ECMWF	CFSR	JRA-55	JRA-55-mdl-iso	JRA-25	20CRv2c	IAP-UA TAS1hr	CREATE-MRE	CREATE-MRE2/MRE3
Precipitation	pr	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔					✔+Sprd

Note: +Sprd indicates that the variable also has a corresponding standard deviation

Atmospheric Monthly Variables

Long Name	Variable Name	MERRA	MERRA-2	ECMWF ERA-I/ERA5	CFSR	JRA-55	JRA-55-mdl-iso	JRA-25	20CRv2c	CERA-20C	CREATE-MRE	CREATE-MRE2/MRE3
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Base	ccb				✔
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Top	cct				✔
Cloud Area Fraction	cl	✔	✔
Ice Water Path	clivi			✔
Total Cloud Fraction	clt	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Condensed Water Path	clwvi			✔
Evaporation	evspsbl	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔				✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux	hfls	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔		✔	✔		✔+Sprd
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux	hfss	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔		✔	✔		✔+Sprd
Relative Humidity	hur	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Near-Surface Relative Humidity	hurs				✔		✔	✔
Specific Humidity	hus	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Near-Surface Specific Humidity	huss		✔		✔		✔	✔	✔
Precipitation	pr	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Convective Precipitation	prc	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔		✔	✔
Snowfall Flux	prsn	✔	✔	✔
Water Vapor Path	prw	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Air Pressure	ps	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Sea Level Pressure	psl	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation	rlds	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Downwelling Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation	rldscs	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔
Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation	rlus	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation	rlut	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation	rlutcs	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔			✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation	rsds	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Downwelling Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation	rsdscs	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔
TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation	rsdt	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation	rsus	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
TOA Outgoing Shortwave Radiation	rsut	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Upwelling Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation	rsuscs	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation	rsutcs	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔			✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Snow and Ice Sublimation Flux	sbl				✔
Near-Surface Wind Speed	sfcWind			✔*			✔
Air Temperature	ta	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Near-Surface Air Temperature	tas	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature	tasmax		✔		✔			✔	✔
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature	tasmin		✔		✔			✔	✔
Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress	tauu	✔	✔	✔	✔				✔	✔
Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress	tauv	✔	✔	✔	✔				✔	✔
Mole Fraction of O3	tro3	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔			✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Surface Temperature	ts	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		✔+Sprd
Eastward Wind	ua	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Eastward Near-Surface Wind	uas	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Northward Wind	va	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Northward Near-Surface Wind	vas	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd
Omega	wap	✔	✔	✔	✔				✔	✔
Geopotential Height	zg	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		✔+Sprd	✔+Sprd

Note: +Sprd indicates that the variable also has a corresponding standard deviation. ✔* for sfcWind variable for ECMWF is only available for ERA-I, and not ERA5.

Atmospheric 6-hourly Variables

Long Name	Variable Name	MERRA	MERRA-2	ECMWF	CFSR	JRA-55
Air Temperature	ta	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Eastward Near Surface Wind	uas	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Eastward Wind	ua	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Evaporation	evspsbl	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Geopotential Height	zg	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Northward Near-Surface Wind	vas	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Northward Wind	va	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Ozone Mole Fraction	tro3	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Water Vapor Path	prw	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Precipitation	pr	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Relative Humidity	hur	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Sea-level Pressure	psl	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Surface Air Pressure	ps	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Near-Surface Air Temerature	tas	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Total Cloud Fraction	clt	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Specific Humidity	hus	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Surface Temperature	ts	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

Ocean Monthly Variables

Long Name	Variable Name	CSFR	CMCC/C-GLORSv5	GFDL/ECDAv31	GECCO2	GODAS	MRA	ORAP5	ORAS4	ORA Ensemble
Sea Water Salinity	so	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Sea Water Potential Temperature	thetao	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Sea Water X Velocity	uo	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Sea Water Y Velocity	vo	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

Ocean, seaIce monthly variables

Long name	Variable Name	Realm	CFSR	20CRv2c	ORA	CERA-20C
Downward Heat Flux at Sea Water Surface	hfds	ocean	✔
Sea Water Salinity	soSprd	ocean			✔
Sea Water X Velocity	uoSprd	ocean			✔
Sea Water Y Velocity	voSprd	ocean			✔
Sea Water Potential Temperature	thetaoSprd	ocean			✔
Sea Water Salinity	so	ocean	✔		✔
Sea Water Potential Temperature	thetao	ocean	✔		✔
Sea Surface Temperature	tos	ocean	✔
Sea Water X Velocity	uo	ocean	✔		✔
Sea Water Y Velocity	vo	ocean	✔		✔
Sea Surface Height Above Geoid	zos	ocean	✔
Sea Ice Area Fraction	sic	seaIce	✔	✔		✔
Sea Ice Thickness	sit	seaIce	✔	✔
Snow Depth	snd	seaIce	✔	✔
Sea Ice Thickness	sitSprd	seaIce		✔
Snow Depth	sndSprd	seaIce		✔

Land, landIce monthly variables

Long name	Variable Name	Realm	CFSR	20CRv2c	MERRA-2
Water Evaporation from Soil	evspsblsoi	land	✔
Evaporation from Canopy	evspsblveg	land	✔
Water Content of Soil Layer	mrlsl	land	✔
Total Runoff	mrro	land	✔
Surface Runoff	mrros	land	✔
Total Soil Moisture Content	mrso	land	✔
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column	mrsos	land	✔
Transpiration	tran	land	✔	✔	✔
Temperature of Soil	tsl	land	✔	✔
Transpiration	tranSprd	land		✔
Temperature of Soil	tslSprd	land		✔
Snow Area Fraction	snc	landIce	✔	✔
Snow Depth	snd	landIce	✔	✔
Surface Snow Amount	snw	landIce	✔	✔
Snow Area Fraction	sncSprd	landIce		✔
Snow Depth	sndSprd	landIce		✔
Surface Snow Amount	snwSprd	landIce		✔

Last Update: June 16, 2020, 1:44 p.m. by Vincent Wild

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